Hannes Olof Gösta Alfvén (1908-1995)
由于最近看些关于Fusion的基础专著，Alfvén的名字经常出现，于是在Wiki上找到相关的条目（其实也已经是几个月前，只不过一直没有时间来写）：
Hannes Alfvén
Hannes Alfvén
1970年因为在magnetohydrodynamics（电动力学）领域的贡献获得诺贝尔物理学奖。Wiki的介绍已经很详细，不过有两点很有趣：
1）Alfvén considered himself an electrical engineer foremost. During his scientific career, prior to winning the Nobel Prize, Alfvén was not generally recognized as a leading innovator in the scientific community (though they were using his work).
Alfvén获得的教育是使其成为一个电气工程师，他在获得诺贝尔奖之前，一直也把自己当作工程师。在学术界没有被认同，尽管其它的科学家一直在用他的结果。想想以前国内的实验室主任，对于工程师的歧视，实际上这就是一个很好的例子。国外不少的工程师的工作，还是很有深度的，经受的专业训练丝毫不逊色于科学家。2）这是Alfvén自己的一段话："When I describe the [plasma phenomena] according to this formulism most referees do not understand what I say and turn down my papers. With the referee system which rules US science today, this means that my papers are rarely accepted by the leading US journals."（当我公理化描述等离子体现象时，很多的审稿人无法理解我的理论而拒绝了我的文章。就现在美国学术界的审稿体系来说，我的文章很少被一流杂志发表。）
国内学术界有很多的怪现象，例如学术评价体系，以前以文章的数量，现在则转而要求杂志的影响因子（是否一流刊物）。想想Alfvén的文章则只能发表在二流刊物上，却对于科学可以有很大的贡献。
Alfvén也体现了一个好的科学家/工程师的良好素质和个人生活，例如研究科学史，东方哲学和宗教，精通瑞典、英、德、法和俄语，会讲西班牙语和中文：
"Alfvén had a good sense of humor and he participated in a variety of social issues and worldwide disarmament movements. He had a long-standing distrust of computers. Alfvén studied the history of science and oriental philosophy and religion. He spoke Swedish, English, German, French, and Russian, and some Spanish and Chinese.
Alfvén was married for 67 years to his wife Kirsten. They raised five children, one boy and four girls. His son became a physician, while one daughter became a writer and another a lawyer in Sweden."
